Management of technical functions such as research, development, and engineering in industry, government, university, and other settings. Emphasis is on studies carried on within an organization to help in decision making or policy formation for RD&E.

管理工業、政府、大學和其他機構的研究、開發和工程等技術職能。重點是在一個組織內進行的研究，以幫助RD&E的決策或政策制定。